Application methods and modes of action of <i>Pantoea agglomerans</i> and <i>Paenibacillus</i> sp. to control the grapevine trunk disease-pathogen, <i>Neofusicoccum parvum</i>

Despite an increasing number of studies being carried out on the biocontrol grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs), no commercial bacterial products have yet been developed to control GTDs. Knowledge precise modes action (MOA) and different application methods (AM) for agents is crucial if they are be successful in field. In light this, present study aimed at selecting most appropriate AM eight strains with high potential controlling Neofusicoccum parvum. These were applied one-year-old pots (grown from cuttings) using three methods: co-inoculation stem level, preventive inoculation level soil surface. The inhibitory activity strain against N. parvum was significantly dependent AM. Application stems, especially a way, much more efficient than soil. When performing inhibition parvumwood necrosis reached 50 65 % Pantoea agglomerans (S1) Paenibacillus sp. (S19) respectively. To decipher underlying processes linked fungal inhibition, way which several MOA affected antagonistic capacity these two studied via vitro planta assays. While P. inhibited by secretion antifungal volatile compounds, mainly this pathogen antibiosis. addition, both induced systemic defenses grapevine. However, affect tended higher 15-dpi after innoculation (three defense genes repressed versus five respectively). Finally, shown candidates fighting grapevine, due combination direct their indirect ability activate system.